I‘JĀZ GHAIBĪ QS. AL-FĪL: ANALISIS BERITA GAIB MASA LAMPAU TENTANG KEHANCURAN PASUKAN BERGAJAH

Abstract

I‘jāz ghaibī represents one of the dimensions of the Qur’an’s miraculous nature related to the disclosure of unseen matters beyond ordinary human knowledge. One of its primary forms is ghaib māḍī, referring to information about past events that occurred prior to the Prophetic mission and were not directly witnessed by Prophet Muhammad. Surah Al-Fīl narrates the destruction of the elephant army led by Abrahah in the event historically known as the Year of the Elephant. This article aims to analyze Surah Al-Fīl as an example of i‘jāz ghaibī within the category of ghaib māḍī through a tafsir-based and conceptual approach in Qur’anic studies. The research employs a qualitative library-based method, drawing upon classical and contemporary exegetical works. The findings indicate that the certainty of Qur’anic narration, the Prophet’s lack of historical access to the event, and the consistency of exegetical interpretations strongly support the classification of Surah Al-Fīl as an instance of ghaib māḍī. Therefore, the surah not only conveys theological messages but also demonstrates epistemological evidence of the Qur’an’s divine origin.